Evaluating the Effect of Voluntary Exercise
INTRODUCTION
MDSCs- Cells of Myeloid Origin
- Heterogenous - Comprise of myeloid progenitor cells and immature white blood cells -Suppressor of T cell proliferation (growth and division of a cell, produces new and healthier cells) |
Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer- A highly aggressive and invasive tumor cell line
- Very similar to human breast cancer as it grows in the anatomically sites and metastasizes through the lymph nodes |
T Cells-Killer T cells or natural killer cell, this cell is able to scan for viruses and bacteria and also kill cancer cells.
-Prevents the growth and spread of cancer and also protects the body's immune system. |
HYPOTHESIS
The aim of this research is to increase T cell count and decrease MDSC potency through voluntary exercise in tumor bearing mice and to also find direct evidence which proves that exercise provides physical benefits for a patient with cancer instead of relying on observational evidence.
RESULTS
-Sedentary mouse T cells proliferated less than the control mouse as expected.
-Exercising mouse T cells proliferated less than sedentary, which was opposite of the predicted outcome, this gave the impression that exercise actually harms a patient more than helping
-Some errors that led to the inaccurate results for the exercised cells were maybe due to the fact that some of these cells did not survive after the cell sorting which would have disrupted the T cell suppression assay.
-Exercising mouse T cells proliferated less than sedentary, which was opposite of the predicted outcome, this gave the impression that exercise actually harms a patient more than helping
-Some errors that led to the inaccurate results for the exercised cells were maybe due to the fact that some of these cells did not survive after the cell sorting which would have disrupted the T cell suppression assay.
FURTHER RESEARCH
Due to the experimental error that occurred and altered the data collected, further research has to be conducted to biologically prove the effects of exercise in cancer patients. This experiment is being conducted again, however due to the 4 week time period that is allotted for the mice the results of the second round will be collected and analyzed after the end of the FSI program.
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
I would like to thank Dr.Brian Davidson and Xcel Energy for sponsoring my participation and research at FSI and supporting me financially. Thank you to Jacob Garritson for mentoring this our research and also to Amie Bray for advising us and MAST Institute and UNC for providing me with this once in a lifetime opportunity to attend FSI and expand my knowledge in STEM.
REFRENCES
Bronte, V., Brandau, S., Chen, S., Colombo, M. P., Frey, A. B., Greten, T. F., . . . Gabrilovich, D. I. (2016). Recommendations for myeloid-derived suppressor cell nomenclature and characterization standards. Nature Communications
Cancer Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics
Designs, J. (n.d.). Beginners Guide to T cells. Retrieved from http://www.tcells.org/beginners/tcells/
Feelings and Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings
Gabrilovich, D. I., & Nagaraj, S. (2009, March). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828349/
Metastatic Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer
NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms
Ostrand-Rosenberg, S., & Fenselau, C. (2018). Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Immune-Suppressive Cells That Impair Antitumor Immunity and Are Sculpted by Their Environment. The Journal of Immunology,200(2), 422-431.
Pedersen, L., Idorn, M., Olofsson,, G. H., Pedersen, B. K., Straten, P. T., & Hojman, P. (2016). Voluntary Running
Suppresses Tumor Growth through Epinephrine- and IL-6-Dependent NK Cell Mobilization and Redistribution. 0-10. Retrieved July 01, 2018.
Physical Activity and Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/physical-activity-fact-sheet
Shephard, R. (2009). Physical activity and breast cancer risk: Impact of timing, type and dose of activity and population subgroup effects. Yearbook of Sports Medicine,2009
Talmadge, J. E., & Gabrilovich, D. I. (n.d.). History of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the macro- and micro-environment of tumour-bearing hosts. Retrieved July 01, 2018.